Glossary
In the Waterfront Navigator glossary, we’ve compiled regulatory terms and definitions from agency documents, environmental terms you will come across when doing work in wetlands and in coastal areas, and abbreviations used by agencies or on this site. Definitions cite the sources, with links back to original documents or websites for further reference.
Joint planting
The insertion of live stakes in the spaces or joints, between previously placed rock riprap. When placed properly, the cuttings are capable of rooting and growing. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Kerf
The width of the cut produced during a cutting process. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Laitant Concrete
A condition created when concrete that is pumped underwater is not allowed to overflow the formwork. This causes the upper layers of concrete to cure with too high a water content. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Lead agency
The agency principally responsible for carrying out, funding, or approving an action; therefore, the agency responsible for determining whether an environmental review is required. (NYC Mayor's Office of Sustainability)
Lifts
Layers of loose soil wrapped in erosion control fabric used to rebuild and recanter a bank. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Littoral
A coastal region; the shore zone between high and low watermarks. (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, In-Water and Riparian Management of Sediment and Dredged Material, November 2004)
Littoral zone (LZ)
The tidal wetlands zone, designated LZ on an inventory map, that includes all lands under tidal waters which are not included in any other category, except as otherwise determined in a specific case as provided in [6 CRR-NY 661.16]. Provided, there shall be no littoral zone under waters deeper than six feet at mean low water. Pending determination by the commissioner in a particular case, the most recent, as of the effective date of this Part, national ocean survey maps published by the national ocean survey, national oceanic and atmospheric administration shall be rebuttable presumptive evidence of such six foot depth. (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation)
Live branch cuttings
Living, freshly cut branches from woody shrub and tree species that readily propagate when embedded in soil. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Live crib wall
A rectangular framework of logs or timbers constructed with layers of live plant cuttings that are capable of rooting. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Live fascine
Bound, elongated, cylindrical bundles (6 to 8 in. in diameter) of live branch cuttings used to stabilize streambanks that are placed in shallow trenches, partly covered with soil, and staked in place, also referred to as wattle. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Live siltation
Live branch cuttings that are placed in trenches at an angle from shoreline to trap sediment and protect the shore against wave action. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Live stake
Live branch cuttings that are tamped or inserted into the earth to take root and produce vegetative growth. (Hudson River National Estuarine Research Reserve, Hudson River Shoreline Restoration Alternatives Analysis, 2006)
Loading
The quantity of a material or substance entering a system. (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, In-Water and Riparian Management of Sediment and Dredged Material, November 2004)
Loading Platform
A structure used to support cargo transfer equipment and ancillary facilities. Usually one of the structures that make up a tanker berth. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Longshore
Parallel to and near the shoreline: same as Alongshore. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Longshore transport rate
Rate of transport of littoral material parallel to shore. Usually expressed in cubic yards per year. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Loss of waters of the United States
Waters of the United States that are permanently adversely affected by filling, flooding, excavation, or drainage because of the regulated activity. Permanent adverse effects include permanent discharges of dredged or fill material that change an aquatic area to dry land, increase the bottom elevation of a waterbody, or change the use of a waterbody. The acreage of loss of waters of the United States is a threshold measurement of the impact to jurisdictional waters for determining whether a project may qualify for a Nationwide Permit; it is not a net threshold that is calculated after considering compensatory mitigation that may be used to offset losses of aquatic functions and services. The loss of stream bed includes the linear feet of stream bed that is filled or excavated. Waters of the United States temporarily filled, flooded, excavated, or drained, but restored to pre-construction contours and elevations after construction, are not included in the measurement ofloss of waters of the United States. Impacts resulting from activities eligible for exemptions under Section 404(f) of the Clean Water Act are not considered when calculating the loss of waters of the United States. (US Army Corps of Engineers, 2012 Nationwide Permits, Conditions, and Definitions)
Low Level Platform
A type of wharf construction where the structural deck is at or near the waterline and on which fill is placed to achieve the finished surface elevation. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Low tide
Minimum elevation reached by each falling tide. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Marginal street
Any street, road, place, area or way adjoining or adjacent to any waterfront property and designated as a marginal street, wharf or place on a plan or map adopted pursuant to law. (Rules of the City of New York, Title 66: Department of Small Business Services)
Marina
See term: Docking Facility
Marine borer
Any of a number of species of organisms in seawater that attacks untreated or poorly treated wood; especially active in warm waters. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Marsh
Area of soft, wet, or periodically inundated land, generally treeless, and usually characterized by grasses and other low growth. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean annual flow
The average amount of water that flows past a given point in one year. (US EPA, Wetlands Regulation Guidebook for New York State, 1993)
Mean high water (MHW)
Average height of the daily high waters over a 19-year period. For semidiurnal or mixed tides, the two high waters of each tidal day are included in the mean. For diurnal tides, the single daily high water is used to compute the mean. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean high water line/mark (MHWL)
The line on the shore in tidal areas established by the fluctuations of water and indicated by physical characteristics such as a clear, natural line impressed on the bank, shelving, changes in the character of soil, destruction of terrestrial vegetation, the presence of litter and debris, or other appropriate means that consider the characteristics of the surrounding area. (US Army Corps of Engineers New York District, Regulatory Program Applicant Information Guide, 2014)
Mean higher high water (MHHW)
Average height of the daily higher high waters over a 19-year period. Only the higher high water of each pair of high waters of a tidal day is included in the mean. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean low water (MLW)
Average height of the low waters over a 19-year period. For semidiurnal and mixed tides, the two low waters of each tidal day are included in the mean. For a diurnal tide, the one low water of each tidal day is used in the mean. Mean Low Water has been used as datum for many navigation charts published by the National Ocean Survey, but it is being phased out in favor of Mean Lower Low Water for all areas of the United States. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean lower low water (MLLW)
Average height of the daily lower-low waters of a 19-year period. Only the lower low water of each pair of low waters of a tidal day is included in the mean. Long used as the datum for Pacific coast navigation charts, it is now gradually being adopted for use across the United States. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean sea level
Average height of the sea surface over a 19-year period. Not necessarily equal to Mean Tide Level. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mean tide level
Plane midway between Mean High Water and Mean Low Water. Not necessarily equal to Mean Sea Level. Also called half-tide level. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mitigation
Measures to minimize or avoid an action's significant adverse impacts to the fullest extent practicable. (NYC Mayor's Office of Sustainability)
Mitigation (Compensatory)
The restoration (re-establishment or rehabilitation), establishment (creation), enhancement, and/or in certain circumstances preservation of aquatic resources for the purposes of offsetting unavoidable adverse impacts which remain after all appropriate and practicable avoidance and minimization has been achieved. (US Army Corps of Engineers, 2012 Nationwide Permits, Conditions, and Definitions)
Mitigation bank
Mitigation bank means a site where wetlands and/or other aquatic resources or natural habitats are restored, created, enhanced, or in exceptional circumstances, preserved, expressly for the purpose of providing compensatory mitigation in advance of authorized impacts to similar resources. For purposes of the Clean Water Act, Section 404 (33 U.S.C. 1344), use of a mitigation bank can only be authorized when impacts are unavoidable. (Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 23, Part 777, March 2016)
Mixed tide
A tide in which there is a distinct difference in height between successive high and successive low waters. For mixed tides there are generally two high and two low waters each tidal day. Mixed tides may be described as intermediate between semidiurnal and diurnal tides. (US Army Corps of Engineers, Low Cost Shore Protection: A Property Owner's Guide, 2004)
Mixing zone
The area in a water body where a temporary exceedances of water quality standards resulting from short-term disruptions to the water body caused by dredging or the placement of dredged material will be accepted. (New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, In-Water and Riparian Management of Sediment and Dredged Material, November 2004)
Mooring area
A collection of individual moorings located within a definable area of navigable waters of the State and under single private ownership or control. (Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Title 6. Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Chapter 5. Subchapter E, Part 608. Use and Protection of Waters, Definitions)
Mooring dolphin
A structure that supports fittings to which a vessel' s mooring lines are secured. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)
Moorings
A float, buoy, chain, cable, rope, pile, spar, dolphin or any other device or combination of devices that are anchored or fixed in navigable waters of the State to which a vessel can be made fast. (Rules and Regulations of the State of New York, Title 6. Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Chapter 5. Subchapter E, Part 608. Use and Protection of Waters, Definitions)
Mudline
General term used in marine engineering to designate the elevation of the seabed or riverbed. (New York City Economic Development Corporation, Waterfront Facilities Maintenance Management System, May 2016)